Pepper

Peppers in this context refer to the sweet fruit of Capsicum annuum varieties — what Australians typically call capsicums. These are the large, bell-shaped or elongated fruits that come in green, red, yellow, and orange, with the colour reflecting the stage of ripeness (green being least ripe, red being fully ripe).

Sweet peppers are one of the most widely consumed vegetables globally. They’re eaten raw, roasted, grilled, stuffed, pickled, and used as a base in sauces and soups. Red peppers are sweeter and more fully flavoured than green ones, which tend to be slightly bitter.

Peppers originated in Central and South America and were spread globally after European contact. Today they’re grown commercially on every inhabited continent. In Australia, capsicums are produced year-round, with major growing regions in Queensland, the Northern Territory, and Western Australia.

Farmed Source
photograph to come — from twenty years of markets, farms and kitchens

How it's produced

Sweet peppers are grown as annual crops in warm conditions, either in open fields or under protected cropping (greenhouses and tunnels). Plants are typically started from seed in nurseries and transplanted into the field or growing medium. They require warm temperatures, consistent watering, and good drainage.

Fruits are hand-picked at the desired ripeness stage — green peppers are harvested earlier, while coloured varieties are left on the plant longer to develop their full pigment and sweetness. In Australia, hydroponic and greenhouse production has grown significantly, allowing year-round supply and more consistent quality. Field production remains common in warmer regions.

What it costs the planet (per kilo)

Carbon ≈0.5kg
Freshwater ≈130L
Land ≈0.4

≈ Estimated from its category — typical for vegetables, not measured for this item yet. Sources & methods →

Keeping it

Keep it: in the fridge crisper.

Advice from Cubud’s own keeping notes — how to keep it, not a measured number.

What comes from this

✎ Spotted something wrong? Suggest a correction

Checking who you are...